The "social construction" of otherness and, broadly speaking, the ideological-political Bosch DIG97IM50B Serie 4 Built In 90cm 3 Speeds B Island Cooker Hood Stainless use of "external" socio-spatial referents have become important topics in contemporary studies on territorial identities, nationalisms and nation-building processes, geography included.After some brief, introductory theoretical reflections, this paper examines the contribution of geographical discourses, arguments and images, "sensu lato", in the definition of the external socio-spatial identity referents of Galician nationalism in Spain, during the period 1860-1936.In this discourse Castile was typically represented as "the other" (the negative, opposition referent), against which Galician identity was mobilised, whereas Portugal, on the one hand, together with Ireland and the Eye Formulas so-called "Atlantic-Celtic naionalities", on the other hand, were positively constructed as integrative and emulation referents.